FSU Associate Professor of Biological Science Hank Bass and
FAMU Professor of Agronomy Oghenekome Onokpise, who have collaborated since the
late 1990s, are working together along with a team of other investigators to
map key functional regions of the genome of maize, more commonly referred to as
corn.
“We essentially are setting out to develop a genomic
chromatic structure of five tissues as a community service for the plant
genetic research community,” said Bass, who is the lead investigator on the
project.
“It’s tremendously important,” Onokpise said. “Maize or corn
is an important crop in the United States. The food versus fuel debate is on.
By mapping various tissues, we can determine what is best for what — fuel,
livestock feed, or fuel."
But despite scientists studying plants for hundreds of
years, there is still much to learn about their genetic underpinnings.
Using a chromatin mapping technique that Bass’ lab pioneered
together with previous colleagues at FSU, Bass and Onokpise will examine five
tissues or cell types in the corn. They are the root tips, shoot tips, pollen,
ear shoots and endosperm. The endosperm is the part of the kernel that holds
most of the nutritional value of the seed.
“Understanding the genomics of corn — a genetic model for
most crops — means that our knowledge will be transferable,” Onokpise said.
To do the genetic mapping, Bass and Onokpise will use an
enzyme called micrococcal nuclease to cut through the DNA. This tightly
controlled experiment essentially lights up parts of the genetic material that
functions to regulate gene expression and agronomic traits associated with the
various tissues.
Outside of the main project to map the tissue, students at
FSU and FAMU will be able to pursue individual projects related to corn's
genetic makeup, such as how the genes might be manipulated to make it survive
environmental stresses such as droughts or flooding.
“This money allows us to do state-of-the-art research,” Bass
said.
The grant will support two graduate students at FSU and one
at FAMU, plus two undergraduate research projects per institution.
These students, along with Bass and Onokpise, will also
engage the public by holding field projects to help interest high school
students in STEM-related disciplines such as agriculture, genomics and
bioinformatics.
In addition to Bass and Onokpise, several other researchers
make up the team. They are FAMU Professor of Viticulture and Developmental
Biology Violeta Tsolova, FSU Assistant Professor of Biological Science Jonathan
Dennis, Associate Professor of Statistics Jinfeng Zhang and FSU Center for
Genomics and Personalized Medicine Director Daniel Vera.